Friday, July 28, 2017

Language: HTML (1)........

HTML: HyperText Markup Language
Its the most common language for web designing.
HTML - 5 online used
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/try_html_online.php
Script extension is .htm
script and terminal are preview and webview in HTML jargon.
Links:
www.w3.org/TR/html5/
Things to know: Tags, elements, attributes, formatting, comments, images, tables, lists,..
tags have attributes.
---------------------------
tags
</html>, </body>, <head> , <title>, <h1>, <div>, <p>, <hr /> , <nav>, <em>, <img>, <a>
attributes
href, src, alt
---------------------------
Values are kept inside the quotations
closing tags: </html>, </body>
<head> contains <title>
<body> has tags as <h1>, <div>, <p>
<hr /> is an example of empty element.
------------------------
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello World!</h1>
</body>
</html>
Hello World!
------------------------
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>This is document title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>A beautiful story</h1>
<p>Long long ago.....</p>
</body>
</html>
A beautiful story
Long long ago.....
------------------------
Level of headings (6 types, it can't get smaller than that)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Heading Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>
<h4>This is heading 4</h4>
<h5>This is heading 5</h5>
<h6>This is heading 6</h6>
</body>
</html>

This is heading 1

This is heading 2

This is heading 3

This is heading 4

This is heading 5

This is heading 6

------------------------

Paragraph tag
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Paragraph Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Sycamore is a big tree. </p>
<p>Coral tree blooms are red.</p>
<p>Jacaranda flowers are purple.</p>
</body>
</html>
Sycamore is a big tree.
Coral tree blooms are red.
Jacaranda flowers are purple.
------------------------
Line break tag
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Line Break Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hi,<br />
How are you? Hope all is well.<br />
Its nice to see you.<br />
Seema</p>
</body>

</html>
Hi,
How are you? Hope all is well
Its nice to see you.
Seema
------------------------
Sentence centering
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Centring Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The garden is serene.</p>
<center>
<p>Its on a hillock.</p>
</center>
</body>
</html>
The garden is serene.
Its on a hillock. ------------------------
Horizontal lines
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Horizontal Line Example.</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>I like photography.</p>
<hr />
<p>Its a nice form of creativity.</p>
</body>
I like photography.

Its a nice form of creativity.
------------------------
Format preserving
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Preserve Formatting Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<pre>
The poem goes like this:
"The woods are dark, lovely..
</pre>
</body>
</html>
The poem goes like this:

"The woods are dark, lovely..
------------------------
Nonbreaking spaces (using  )
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Nonbreaking Spaces Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>"Two  male  mallard  ducks."</p>
</body>
</html>

"Two male mallard ducks."
------------------------

Other web technologies: CSS, AJAX

Language: php (1).........

php: PHP Hypertext preprocessor
Its a server-side scripting language (data collect, save, add, delete, modify, encrypt). It is much like HTML (HTML-embedded) and syntax is C-like. Its case-sensitive
Web development and database (MYSQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server) can interact through php
First released in 1996
It supports protocols as IMAP, POP3, LDAP
Characteristics of php: simple, flexible, forgiving, secure, efficient, fast, compatible
Componnets needed for php web page operation: web server, database, php parser
Script extension is .php
php configuation file is php.ini
php tag style <?php...?>
Comments: # for single line
/* for multi-line*/
Executing script from command prompt: php script.php
php constants: _LINE_, _FILE_,_FUNCTION_,_CLASS_,_METHOD_
-------------------------
#Hello script
<html>
<head>
<title>Online PHP Script Execution</title>
</head>

<body>

<?php
echo "<h1>Hello</h1>";
?>

</body>
</html>
Hello
-------------------------
#Case sensitive nature of php
<html>
<body>

<?php
$age = 21;
print("I am $age<br>");
print("I am $Age<br>");
?>

</body>
</html>
I am 21
I am
-------------------------
#If statement, condition check, braces to make blocks
<html>
<head>
<title>Online PHP Script Execution</title>
</head>

<body>

<?php
if (4 == 2 + 2)
print("TRUE<br>");

if (5 == 2 + 2){
print("FALSE");
};
?>

</body>
</html>

TRUE

-------------------------

Variables (Integers, double, boolean)

Integers

<?php

$a = 7;

$b = 3;

$sum = $a + $b;

$minus = $a - $b;

print ("$a + $b = $sum <br>");

print ("$a - $b = $minus <br>");

7 + 3 = 10
7 - 3 = 4

-----------

Doubles

<?php

$a = 2.7;

$b = 5.8;

$total = $a + $b;

print ("$a + $b = $total <br>");

2.7 + 5.8 = 8.5

-----------

Boolean

<?php

if (TRUE)

print("Yes<br>");

else

print("No <br>");

True

-----------

Assigning multiple lines to single variable

<?php

$abc =<<<_XML_

<abc>

<description>Winter night.</description>

<description>Its raining.</description>

</abc>

_XML_;

echo <<<END

Mid December.

END;

print $abc;

Mid December. Winter night. Its raining.

-----------

<?php

define("MINSIZE", 24);

#echo MINSIZE;

echo constant("MINSIZE");

-----------

If......else

<?php

$d=date("D");

if ($d=="Sun")

echo "Play";

else

echo "Study";

Study

-----------

elseif (When at least one condition is true)

<?php

$d=date("D");

if ($d=="Sat")

echo "Hike";

elseif ($d=="Sun")

echo "Play";

else

echo "Study";

Study

-----------

switch (evaluates, matches, if found executed, otherwise executes a specified default code)

<?php

$d=date("D");

switch ($d)

{

case "Mon":

echo "Study";

break;

case "Tue":

echo "Study";

break;

case "Wed":

echo "Study";

break;

default:

echo "Relax on weekend.";

}

Study

-----------

for loop (specified number of time)

while (as long as condition is true)

do....while

foreach (loops for each element)

-----------

Language: LISP .......

Lisp (LISt Processing) is a very old language (1958).
; for line commenting
script extension is .lisp
CLisp is common lisp.
terpri function outputs a newline to output-stream. (TERminate PRInt line)
...........................................
String printing
(write-line "Autumn leaves make me happy")
(write-line "I love picking them.")
(write-line "His authored a book titled \"Eternal peace.\"")

Autumn leaves make me happy                                                                     

I love picking them                                                                             

His authored a book titled "Eternal peace."

---------------------
Case-sensitive comparison
(write (string= "hi" "Hi"))
(terpri)
(write (string> "hi" "Hi"))
(terpri)

NIL

0

---------------------
String case conversion
(write-line (string-upcase "winter is almost here."))
(write-line (string-capitalize "sun sets very early."))

WINTER IS ALMOST HERE.                                                                

Sun Sets Very Early. 

(write-line (string-downcase "PLUMERIA FLOWER IS VERY FRAGRANT."))
(write-line (string-capitalize "seaweeds are algae."))

plumeria flower is very fragrant.                                                     

Seaweeds Are Algae.

---------------------
Stripping the spaces
(write-line (string-trim " Its a cold night "))
(write-line (string-left-trim " Owls are hooting."))
(write-line (string-right-trim "Bats are flying "))
(write-line (string-trim " "I" I an scared."))

---------------------
Finding length of string
(write (length "Chaparral flora"))
(terpri)
; pull all characters except the number 1 character
(write-line (subseq "Chaparral" 1))
; pull the character only at index 1
(write (char "Chaparral" 1))

15

haparral                                                                                                        

#\h

---------------------
Sorting the strings (ascending, descending order)
(write (sort (vector "milk" "egg" "fruits" "vegetables") #'string<))
(terpri)
(write (sort (vector "milk" "egg" "fruits" "vegetables") #'string<))
(terpri)
#("egg" "fruits" "milk" "vegetables")
#("vegetables" "milk" "fruits" "egg")
---------------------
Joining strings (order of strings vary based on < or > symbol used).
(write(merge'vector(vector "tulip" "hibiscus")(vector "rose" "jasmine")#'string<))
(terpri)
(write(merge'vector(vector "tulip" "hibiscus")(vector "rose" "jasmine")#'string>))

#("rose" "jasmine" "tulip" "hibiscus")                                                              

#("tulip" "rose" "jasmine" "hibiscus")  

---------------------
Reversing a string
(write-line (reverse "Calley pear blooms are spectacular."))

Joining strings
(write-line (concatenate 'string "I like hiking." "Nature fascinates me."))
---------------------

Language: Scala ......

Scala (Scalabale Language) is a Java-based, hybrid language that integrates features of object-oriented and functional languages. Its popular among application developers.
Here, every value is object and every function is a value.
So, every function is an object.
Migration between Scala and java is easy, as they share same run-time platform.
download Scala from http://www.scala-lang.org/downloads
#HelloWorld as script
object HelloWorld {
def main(args: Array[String]) {
println("Hello, world!") // prints Hello World
}
}

#Execution
scalac HelloWorld.scala
scala HelloWorld

Scala has about 50 keywords e.g. val, var
//One line comment
/*Multi-line comment*/

#Package declaration
package com.liftcode.stuff

#Package import
import scala.xml._

#Single class import from a Package
import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap

#Multiple class import from a Package
import scala.collection.immutable.{TreeMap, TreeSet}

#Script Test.scala
object Test {
def main(args: Array[String]) {
println("Hello\tWorld\n\n" );
}
}

#Execution of the above script
scalac Test.scala
scala Test

Thursday, July 27, 2017

Language: Ruby.......

Script extension is .rb
Used online IDE http://www.tutorialspoint.com/execute_ruby_online.php
--------------------------------
# Hello World
puts "Hello World!";
Hello World!
# The Hello Class
class Hello

def initialize( name )
@name = name.capitalize
end

def salute
puts "Hello #{@name}!"
end
end

# Create a new object
h = Hello.new("Ruby")

# Output "Hello Ruby!"
h.salute
Hello Ruby!
--------------------------------

Language: Julia........

Wednesday, July 26, 2017

Language: C#.......

C# (C sharp) is an object-oriented, structured language, as part of .NET initiative
C# is based on C and C++, resembles Java.
Its case-sensitive, ends with ;, execution starts with main method, class name can be different from file name
Online tool
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/compile_csharp_online.php
C# source code file has extension .cs
IDE: Visual Studio (VS), Visual C# 2010 Express, Visual Web Developer
Compiling (Mono C# compiler)
mcs file.cs -out file.exe
Executing
mono file.exe
using is a keyword
namespace is a collection of classes
class has many methods behavior)
There is one main method.
--------------------------
using System.IO;
using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
}
}
Hello, World!
---------
using System;
namespace HelloWorldApplication
{
class HelloWorld
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello, World");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
Hello, World
--------------------------

Biomed&Informatics

Friday, July 28, 2017

Language: HTML (1)........

This is heading 1

This is heading 2

This is heading 3

This is heading 4

This is heading 5

This is heading 6

------------------------

Language: php (1).........

Language: LISP .......

Language: Scala ......

Thursday, July 27, 2017

Language: Ruby.......

Language: Julia........

Wednesday, July 26, 2017

Language: C#.......

Laboratory tools and reagents (Micro-pipettes)...

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